美國各地的圖書館需要我們的幫助，因為他們正在關閉或已經顯著削減他們的預算做.
公共圖書館服務已經在我們生活中的一些點是否作為一個孩子影響我們每個人, a student or as an adult. It’s presence in our communities reminds us that there are places that deeply respect knowledge and artistic and cultural achievements; places that are much more important than economic profit because of the larger role they play in enhancing our society’s quality of life. 所以, 你看過我的採訪莫莉拉斐爾前, 美國圖書館協會主席, 請花點時間看看 10 重要的事情，你需要了解我們的美國庫.
1. 美國人去上學, 公共和大學圖書館近三倍往往比他們去看電影.
2. 還有更多的公共圖書館比麥當勞在美國. (總 16,604 包括分支機構).
3. 59% 成年人的中美. 有公共圖書館卡.
4. 參考諮詢館員在全國的公共和大學圖書館回答近 5.7 百萬個問題每週.
5. 公共圖書館是第一點在線訪問的人沒有互聯網連接在家中, 學校或工作 (98.7% 公共圖書館提供公共接入互聯網).
6. 公共圖書館是平等的獲取信息的最偉大的均衡器的一個不分種族, 信仰或收入水平.
7. 在經濟危機的時代, 以上 65% 公共圖書館為求職者服務.
8. 美國人花費超過兩倍的糖果，因為他們做對公共圖書館.
9. 美國人花費 $34.95 每年用於公共圖書館 (並檢查了平均超過七本書一年)
10. 公共圖書館提供了一個安全, 溫暖, 友好的地方，一個貧窮的家庭閱讀與他們的孩子.
來源: 美國圖書館協會, Henmead企業, 公司.
什麼是面向公共圖書館作為書籍的數字化發展的不斷的重大問題?
快速變化的技術, 資金充足, and changing demographics are three major issues facing libraries. Keeping up with the rapid pace of technological advancement is very challenging. Demand is rapidly accelerating for e-books. 同時, many library users continue to demand print books and resources. Libraries must meet the expectations of both kinds of users with limited financial resources. Issues related to digital content are being addressed by a new working group we created in the American Library Association. The financial resources issue is a particularly important one because now there are even more demands on those resources in terms of what the public expects and the services we need to deliver. Library use is increasing, 大幅有的地方, while many libraries are experiencing a reduction in funding levels. Communities are experiencing major shifts in demographics, which require new approaches to meeting community demand. Libraries have to adapt services and often have spaces which limit their abilities to offer effective services.
你看到了什麼作為你的主要目標前進?
Keeping libraries central in people’s lives and meeting the expectations of people who use libraries are central goals. This means that each library has to pay attention to the community that it serves and make strategic decisions about where it should be going and how it should be allocating resources. Another goal is to make sure that library staff has the training and skills needed to serve people in this rapidly changing environment. 所以這是一個非常具有挑戰性的，但也是一個非常令人興奮的和有意義的時間庫.
在面臨的挑戰圖書館今天條款, 你能說一些你已經看到到位了成功的公共圖書館，全國各地的策略?
如果我們思考如何操作的庫現在與提供服務 15 或 20 幾年前, 我們知道，他們必須做出明智的, strategic choices about the virtual library versus the physical library. Those strategic choices depend not only on financial resources and technology but also on the nature of the individual communities themselves. The changing demographics all across the country are also central to how libraries are now making strategic choices. 例如, 如果一個社區是一個中產階級社區，很多人有某種電子閱讀器, 有可能成為電子書遠遠超過需求的存在是在收入較低的社區，在這裡人們可以進入圖書館使用電腦，因為它們都依賴於庫提供訪問電子資源和互聯網.
I’ll give you examples of the kinds of strategic decisions libraries make. When Blu-ray came out, 一些圖書館決定跳過這種新的格式，因為他們相信一切都會很快下載. 如果你投資的東西，兩年後的技術已經改變, your investment in that technology isn’t worth much. Successful libraries today are spending a lot of time developing mobile applications because of how their communities choose to use services. You see websites for libraries that have a mobile app because they realize that’s how people are accessing those libraries. Investing in different ways of delivering services is a strategic decision.
Many libraries have focused on libraries as “地方”, as centers of their respective communities. They’ve created wonderful programming in the library, turning it into a real cultural and educational center. Some libraries don’t do that because people in those communities have many other options, and those activities are just duplicative. Libraries need to engage with the local community and what are that community’s needs and aspirations, and look at what else might fit with the community as well.
Thoughts on the Google book digitization project?
Google Books has been a topic of conversation since it started. Now the intellectual copyright issues are in the courts for resolution. There are other digitization projects that are also underway. Some only digitize books that are in public domain, so they don’t have the kinds of issues Google Books does. There is an effort that is being initiated at Harvard at the Berkman Center for the Internet and Society called the Digital Public Library of America. That project is looking at digitization that would be comprehensive. This effort is in early planning phases, figuring out what the scope would be, the governance, and other key issues. I think the whole area of properties that aren’t born digital is going to be center stage for a while until a number of these issues get resolved. Libraries and library leaders are very interested and involved because digitization holds potential for making resources accessible in ways never imagined decades ago.
In closing, would you elaborate further on the importance of the two way street between libraries and communities?
大體, most libraries receive their funding from the local level. The responsibility that libraries have to pay attention to their respective communities is central to the success of each library. 例如, if you are a community that has a lot of at risk children, then putting funds into programs that prepare those children to be ready to read when they enter kindergarten is an important focus. If we don’t pay attention to the community, we can end up with library services that are not appropriate for that community. It’s not just connecting with the people who are already using the library. It’s also looking broadly at the different elements of the community and understanding how we might serve them better – how do we support and sustain services to small businesses, how do we contribute to lifelong learning, how do we support learning and development for children and youth, how can our services contribute to the advancement of different segments of our populations? What we see in terms of support for libraries is very heartening because it means those libraries have really connected with their communities. During this economic downturn, many libraries have struggled with funding issues, but often their communities have stood up and said, “Our libraries are essential and they need to be funded.” Examples of communities standing up and speaking out for their libraries can be found all across the country. Even in these tough economic times, when asked to support local library funding measures, 社區這樣做, 贊成投票 87% of operating funding measures last year.
Photos courtesy of Kansas City Public Library and American Library Association.
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ç. M. 魯賓是廣泛閱讀網上系列的作者, 全球搜索教育, 也是三本暢銷書, 其中 真正的愛麗絲夢遊仙境.
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