İşte eğitim dünyasına güçlü bir meydan okuma: öğretmenlik mesleğini geliştirmek. Eğer öğrenmenin geleceği öğretme geleceği bağlıdır inanıyorsanız, Andy Hargreaves’ Michael Fullan en son işbirliği, Profesyonel Sermaye, öğretmenler için bir eylem planı önerdi, yöneticiler, schools and districts, ve devlet ve federal liderleri profesyonel öğretmenlerin bir 21. yüzyıl nesil oluşturmak için nasıl gibi. Over the next few days in The Global Search for Education series, I discuss with Michael Fullan, Andy Hargreaves and Randi Weingarten, Amerikan Öğretmenler Federasyonu Başkanı, some of the issues as well as some of the strategies necessary to make this a reality. İlk, I asked Randi to summarize what she believes the Profesyonel Sermaye model would mean in terms of changes in policy and practice? Randi explained:
Içinde Profesyonel Sermaye, Hargreaves and Fullan are saying you have to invest in the whole system as opposed to believing that individual strategies will get you where you need to go. They are totally right. This push on individual effort, meaning if individuals just work really hard they will see huge returns, is wrong. In the long term it will backfire if you are trying to help all kids instead of some kids. They make that point brilliantly. And now of course you have examples of this all around the world. Look at Finland and Singapore and Japan and Canada. These countries are taking a page out of Hargreaves’ and Fullan’s book.
To find out more about the thinking and action plan laid out in their book, I asked Hargreaves and Fullan for their answers to these questions:
How do you envision the next generation of teaching in your book, Profesyonel Sermaye?
The new generation of teachers must be an entire community of professionals who are deeply committed to their work and highly capable of carrying it out. This requires teachers to be highly motivated, thoroughly prepared, continuously developed, properly paid, well networked with each other to maximize their own improvement, and able to make effective judgments using all their capabilities and experience. This generation will require three kinds of capital that make up what we call professional capital. First is the individual human capital of rigorous training and qualifications, as well as high emotional intelligence and proven success in working with young people. Second is the social capital of schools as communities where teachers collaborate together, are committed to their students and each other as people, are able to have challenging conversations about their own and their students’ performans, and have the benefit of working in the high-trust environments that are associated with superior performance and results. Last is the decisional capital that comes from accumulating and reflecting on sufficient years of practice — en azından 8 çoğu durumda — to reach peak levels of performance in making the effective judgments that are central to all professional practice.
Many believe that education policy at the moment focuses on the extremes of teaching, yani. those teachers that are good and those that are bad. How has teaching to the test handicapped the art of teaching?
One of the most misunderstood and misapplied research findings is that if two students start equally and one experiences very good teachers for three years in a row, and the other has poor teachers for the same time period, the former student will move 50 percentile points above the less fortunate student. Çok uzak, this is only a statistical proof, but even if it were literally true, the leap in logic to reward the top teachers and punish the weak ones would still be misguided. Teaching to the test and allocating merit based on test results compounds the problem. The truth is that in high performing countries, policies and development focus on the entire profession getting better all the time. This means that most students will predictably encounter three good teachers in a row—not by fortune but by design. This is why those countries with the best teaching profession continually get the best results. Ayrıca, when almost every teacher is good and is constantly learning rather then getting drive-by training in top-down priorities, they rub off on each other. They create a positive culture in which they push and also pull each other into energizing improvements where all teachers and therefore all students are bound to learn.
Finlandiya'da, teaching is not just a job, it is a profession. How does your model propose to turn teachers into pros in terms of their skills, bilgi, capacities, and emotional intelligence?
Ilk, all levels of leadership, from the very top must, Finlandiya gibi, portray teaching as one of the most socially valuable and intellectually challenging jobs in society. This is why applicants to elementary teaching in Finland have a less than 10% chance of being accepted. Teachers are valued and respected in the society, not just because they make sacrifices, but also because they are smart. Teacher education should be rigorous, university based, and also profoundly rooted in school practice, and there should be fewer institutions providing it — creating more quality and coherence as a result. More resources should be moved to support the quality of teaching and learning in all schools and classrooms and less should be squandered on things like transportation because of proliferating school choice, on the legal and other costs associated with escalating levels of special needs identification because an excessively standardized curriculum cannot accommodate differences, and on the exorbitant cost of educational testing services in a country that tests more students on more things more of the time than any other developed nation. Teachers need more freedom, not less, to respond to and collaborate around their students’ diverse needs and circumstances as is true in the highest performing nations such as Finland, Singapur ve Kanada. Accountability occurs because teachers work transparently with each other and are committed to ongoing improvement and openness about progress and results. When schools fall short, there should be incentives and resources so higher performing schools can assist them — peers helping peers and schools helping schools — rather than parachuting in temporary turnaround teams from the top.
Andy Hargreaves is the Thomas More Brennan Chair in the Lynch School of Education at Boston College (www.andyhargreaves.com).
Michael Fullan is Professor Emeritus of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (www.michaelfullan.ca).
More information about Profesyonel Sermaye
Later this week in the Global Search for Education: Profesyoneller Peşinde – Bölüm 2 — an interview with Randi Weingarten, Amerikan Öğretmenler Federasyonu Başkanı.
For more In Search of Professionals articles: Eğitim Global Arama: In Search of Professionals – Singapore
Eğitim Küresel Ara, Sir Michael Barber dahil bana katılmak ve dünyaca ünlü düşünce liderleri (İngiltere), Dr. Michael Blok (ABD), Dr. Leon Botstein (ABD), Dr. Linda Darling-Hammond (ABD), Dr. Madhav Chavan (Hindistan), Profesör Michael Fullan (Kanada), Profesör Howard Gardner (ABD), Profesör Yvonne Hellman (Hollanda), Profesör Kristin Helstad (Norveç), Jean Hendrickson (ABD), Profesör Rose Hipkins (Yeni Zelanda), Profesör Cornelia Hoogland (Kanada), Bayan. Chantal Kaufmann (Belçika), Dr. Eija Kauppinen (Finlandiya), Devlet Bakanı Tapio Kosunen (Finlandiya), Profesör Dominique Lafontaine (Belçika), Profesör Hugh Lauder (İngiltere), Profesör Ben Levin (Kanada), Profesör Barry McGaw (Avustralya), Shiv Nadar (Hindistan), Profesör R. Natarajon (Hindistan), Dr. Denise Pope (ABD), Sridhar Rajagopalan (Hindistan), Dr. Diane Ravitch (ABD), Sir Ken Robinson (İngiltere), Profesör Pasi Sahlberg (Finlandiya), Andreas Schleicher (PISA, OECD), Dr. Anthony Seldon (İngiltere), Dr. David Shaffer (ABD), Dr. Kirsten Sürükleyici Are (Norveç), Başbakan Stephen Spahn (ABD), Yves Theze (Fransız Lisesi'nde ABD), Profesör Charles Ungerleider (Kanada), Profesör Tony Wagner (ABD), Sir David Watson (İngiltere), Profesör Dylan Wiliam (İngiltere), Dr. Mark Wormald (İngiltere), Profesör Theo WUBBELS (Hollanda), Profesör Michael Young (İngiltere), ve Profesör Minxuan Zhang (Çin) Onlar bütün milletler bugün karşı karşıya büyük resmi eğitim soruları keşfetmek gibi. Eğitim Toplum Page Global Arama
C. M. Rubin o aldığı için iki çok okunan çevrimiçi serisinin yazarı 2011 Upton Sinclair ödülü, “Eğitim Global Arama” ve “Nasıl Oku Will?” O da üç çok satan kitapların yazarı, Dahil Harikalar Gerçek Alice.
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